3 in 4 disabled workers earn less than £15 an hour

Nearly three-quarters (72%) of disabled workers earn less than £15 an hour, according to new analysis of official statistics published by the TUC today (Wednesday).

The analysis – published today during disability history month – reveals that 3.09 million disabled workers around the UK are paid under the median wage of around £15 an hour.

Around half (54%) of non-disabled workers are paid less than this amount.

The TUC argues that disabled workers are over-represented in low-paid work – and says that the new increase in the minimum wage announced by the Chancellor in the Autumn statement doesn’t go anywhere near far enough in lifting workers out of poverty.

Regional and industrial analysis

The new analysis shows that in some parts of the country, even more disabled workers earn less than £15 an hour.

More than four in five disabled workers in the West Midlands (85%) and the North East (82%) earn less than £15 an hour, compared to around three in five (58% and 64%) of non-disabled workers in those regions.

And in some industries, most disabled people are paid less than £15 an hour. Nine in 10 disabled workers in wholesale, retail, repair of vehicles (94%) and arts, entertainment and recreation (89%) are paid less than £15.

Zero-hours contracts

The analysis found that disabled workers are more likely than non-disabled workers to be employed on a zero-hours contract (4.4% compared to 2.9%) with no guarantee of shifts from one week to the next.

The TUC says zero-hours contracts hand the employer total control over their workers’ hours and earning power.

This means workers never know how much they will earn each week, and their income is subject to the whims of managers.

The union body argues that this makes it hard for workers to plan their lives, look after their children and get to medical appointments.

And it makes it harder for workers to challenge unacceptable behaviour by bosses because of concerns about whether they will be penalised by not being allocated hours in future.

Unemployment

Not only are disabled workers paid less than non-disabled workers, they are also more likely to be excluded from the job market.

Disabled workers are now twice as likely as non-disabled workers to be unemployed (6.8% compared to 3.4%).  

In November, the TUC published analysis showing that the pay gap between non-disabled and disabled workers has widened and is now 17.2%, or £3,700 a year.

TUC General Secretary Frances O’Grady said:

“We all deserve a decent job with decent pay. Being disabled should not mean you’re employed on a lower wage or on worse terms and conditions. 

“As the cost-of-living crisis intensifies, many disabled workers are struggling to get by.

“We already know disabled people face higher living expenses than non-disabled people. And now they’re being pushed to the brink with eye-watering bills and are having to choose whether to put food on the table or pay their bills.

“Ministers announced the absolute bare minimum on the national minimum wage and universal credit in the Autumn statement. With living costs soaring, we need to ensure that everyone has enough to get by.

“Let’s put an end to low-pay Britain and get to a £15 per hour minimum wage as soon as possible.

“And it’s also past time to introduce mandatory disability pay gap reporting to shine a light on inequality at work. Without this, millions of disabled workers will be consigned to years of lower pay and in-work poverty.”

Government action needed

To address low pay, the TUC is calling for the minimum wage to be raised to £15 an hour as soon as possible.

In August, the union body set out a roadmap to a £15 an hour minimum wage and a high wage economy.

And to further support disabled workers, the TUC wants the government to bring in mandatory disability pay gap reporting for all employers with more than 50 employees.

The union body says the legislation should be accompanied by a duty on employers to produce action plans identifying the steps they will take to address any gaps identified. 

– Disabled workers earning less than £15 an hour (figures from LFS Q3 2021-Q2 2022)  

	Disabled	Non-disabled
Total employees	4,298,328	23,810,496
Earning less than £15ph	3,089,678	12,880,030
%	72	54

– Disabled workers earning less than £15 an hour (figures from LFS Q3 2021-Q2 2022) by REGION

Disability: equality act (GSS harmonised)	Equality Act Disabled	Not Equality Act Disabled
North East	83	64
North West	80	60
Yorkshire and Humberside	78	63
East Midlands	77	61
West Midlands	85	58
East of England	69	52
London	45	39
South East	65	48
South West	76	57
Wales	79	57
Scotland	73	54
Northern Ireland	82	67

– Disabled workers earning less than £15 an hour (figures from LFS Q3 2021-Q2 2022) by INDUSTRY

Disability: equality act (GSS harmonised)	Equality Act Disabled	Not Equality Act Disabled
Mining and quarrying	63	29
Manufacturing	63	53
Electricity, gas, air cond supply	75	35
Water supply, sewerage, waste	87	49
Construction	59	48
Wholesale, retail, repair of vehicles	94	77
Transport and storage	73	65
Information and communication	39	24
Financial and insurance activities	58	30
Real estate activities	70	50
Prof, scientific, technical activ.	44	36
Admin and support services	86	67
Public admin and defence	57	44
Education	63	50
Health and social work	77	57
Arts, entertainment and recreation	89	67
Other service activities	71	58

• ZHC data is taken from the Q2 2022 of the LFS.  
• Minimum wage: On 17 November the Chancellor announced that from 1 April 2023, the government will increase the National Living Wage (NLW) by 9.7% to £10.42 an hour, for those aged 23 and over: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/autumn-statement-2022-documents/autumn-statement-2022-html  
• Disability pay gap: Analysis published by the TUC found that non-disabled workers now earn a sixth (17.2%) more than disabled workers. The analysis found that the pay gap for disabled workers currently stands at £2.05 an hour – or £3,731 per year for someone working a 35-hour week: https://www.tuc.org.uk/news/non-disabled-workers-paid-17-more-disabled-peers-tuc  
• £15 an hour minimum wage: In August the TUC set out a roadmap to a £15 an hour minimum wage and a high wage economy: https://www.tuc.org.uk/news/tuc-sets-out-roadmap-minimum-wage-and-high-wage-economy  
• The TUC report ‘Raising pay for everyone: A plan for a high wage economy and a £15 minimum wage’ is available here: https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/2022-08/Raisingpayforeveryone.pdf  
• Higher cost of living: Research shows that disabled people face higher than average household costs than non-disabled people: https://www.scope.org.uk/campaigns/extra-costs/disability-price-tag/ and disabled adults are more likely than non-disabled adults to be struggling to pay their bills: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/personalandhouseholdfinances/expenditure/articles/impactofincreasedcostoflivingonadultsacrossgreatbritain/junetoseptember2022 
• The median wage is £14.70 an hour.